Python libraries

Random module

Generate random integer with random number of bits

Examples using IDLE with Python 3.7.2 and >>> from random import getrandbits

First I simply return a random integer using 4 as an argument, which produces random integers from 0 to 15 or '0000' to '1111' in binary, , also known as a nibble, or '0' to 'f' in hexadecimal (represented as 0x0 to 0xf)

>>> getrandbits(4)
0
>>> getrandbits(4)
15

Cast the integer into binary using 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 bits

>>> bin(getrandbits(4))
'0b101'
>>> bin(getrandbits(4))
'0b1010'
>>> bin(getrandbits(4))
'0b1001'
>>> bin(getrandbits(8))
'0b10100110'
>>> bin(getrandbits(8))
'0b1001000'
>>> bin(getrandbits(16))
'0b11001110111101'
>>> bin(getrandbits(32))
'0b10111001011000110110000111011001'
>>> bin(getrandbits(64))
'0b1001111101111000100100110111000101011000010010101001001011100010'
>>> bin(getrandbits(128))
'0b10100111110000000100110000001110001111111101110010110110111111010111111110010000011000111011110000011100101011111001101001010101'

Basic output can be boring. Let us do some formatting with 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 bits

>>> '{0:08b}'.format(getrandbits(4))
'00001110'
>>> '{0:08b}'.format(getrandbits(8))
'10000010'
>>> '{0:08b}'.format(getrandbits(8))
'01101100'
>>> '{0:08b}'.format(getrandbits(8))
'00101011'
>>> '0x{0:01x}'.format(getrandbits(4))
'0xc'
>>> '0x{0:01x}'.format(getrandbits(4))
'0x6'
>>> '0x{0:01x}'.format(getrandbits(8))
'0xf5'
>>> '0x{0:01x}'.format(getrandbits(8))
'0xfc'
>>> '0x{0:08x}'.format(getrandbits(4))
'0x0000000d'
>>> '0x{0:08x}'.format(getrandbits(8))
'0x00000093'
>>> '0x{0:08x}'.format(getrandbits(16))
'0x0000daed'
>>> '0x{0:08x}'.format(getrandbits(32))
'0x90967fce'
>>> '0x{0:08x}'.format(getrandbits(64))
'0x89cc0e8dc42edf3'
>>> '0x{0:08x}'.format(getrandbits(128))
'0xc8c4348f8f44487d0a13c004405c647c'

Explanation of string format syntax used above:

• {} places a variable into a string
• 0 takes the variable at argument position 0, which is getrandbits() return value
• : adds formatting options for position 0 variable
• 08 formats the output to eight digits zero-padded on the left
• b converts the integer to binary representation
• x converts the integer to hexadecimal representation

See Python string formatting docs for additional information

Matplotlib

import matplotlib.pyplot

or

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Example: build a histogram

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