Ubuntu
Shell commands
Enable root account (not recommended):
$sudo passwd root
Disable root account you lock root account:
$sudo passwd -l root
Want to use root @ console:
$sudo -i
Windows Dual Boot page
Recovering Ubuntu After Windows Install
Grub2 on Ubuntu wiki
Grub2 GUI Customizer
For support-related question you can use Launchpad. You can also search the complete history of questions and answers.
Grub 2 basics
Enable SSH server
apt-get install openssh-server
Secure SSH server using /etc/hosts.allow
Add a User
Example adding a user with username johndoe. Follow the instructions provided by the command.
sudo adduser johndoe
Networking utilities
See IP address information
ip a
Configure hostname
How to change hostname on Ubuntu 18 04
systemctl
Verify which processes run on Ubuntu 18.04 start up use $ sudo systemctl list-unit-files.
CLI Software Management
Synchronize package index from Internet. Location of repositories /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update
Install newest versions of all software packages
sudo apt-get upgrade
Update distribution
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Install package (if already installed, will attempt to update package)
apt-get install package-name
List installed packages
apt list --installed
List installed packages that start with 'python'
$ apt list -a --installed python*
Python on Ubuntu Notes
See My Python Notes for information not specific to Ubuntu and Python.
Verify Python 3 is installed
anon@hammerhead:~$ python --version Command 'python' not found, but can be installed with: sudo apt install python3 sudo apt install python sudo apt install python-minimal You also have python3 installed, you can run 'python3' instead. anon@hammerhead:~$ python3 --version <----- Python 3 installed. Python 3.6.7 <----- Version 3.6.7
Verify Python 3 PIP installed
$ pip3 --version pip 9.0.1 from /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (python 3.6)
To install Python 3 PIP
$ sudo apt-get install -y python3-pip
I use Python virtual environments. Verify Python venv module is installed
$ apt list -a --installed *venv* <----- If nothing with Python 3 venv comes back then you most install venv module
To install Python 3 venv module
$ sudo apt-get install -y python3-venv
Create virtual environment. I keep my Python virtual environments in a single directory. To create directory $ mkdir python-venv
Switch do directory $ cd python-venv/
Create virtual environment
$ python3 -m venv udmey-django
Activate virtual environment
$ source udmey-django/bin/activate
Prompt changes to reflect virtual environment
(udmey-django) anon@hammerhead:~/python-venv$
Note: Within virtual environment, you can use the command python instead of python3, and pip instead of pip3.
Deactivate virtual environment and prompt returns to normal
$ deactivate
mongoDB
PostgreSQL
Install PostgreSQL
$ sudo apt install postgresql postgresql-contrib
...
Success. You can now start the database server using:
/usr/lib/postgresql/10/bin/pg_ctl -D /var/lib/postgresql/10/main -l logfile start
Ver Cluster Port Status Owner Data directory Log file
10 main 5432 down postgres /var/lib/postgresql/10/main /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-10-main.log
update-alternatives: using /usr/share/postgresql/10/man/man1/postmaster.1.gz to provide /usr/share/man/man1/postmaster.1.gz (postmaster.1.gz) in auto mode
Setting up postgresql (10+190) ...
Setting up postgresql-contrib (10+190) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (237-3ubuntu10.11) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-20) ...
Use PostgreSQL
Switch to postgres account
sudo -i postgres
Access PostgreSQL prompt
psql
Exit PostgreSQL prompt
\q
Log directly into PostgreSQL prompt with postgres user
sudo -u postgres psql
Add user (username must be same as PostgreSQL role and database)
sudo adduser user_name
Check current connection information
\conninfo
While logged in as postgres user...
Create a new role. Use man createuser for more information.
createuser --interactive
Create new database
createdb db_name
Same user connect to different database
psql -d postgres
Nginx
Install Nginx with virtual hosts and SSL certificates
Apache 2
Resources
Ubuntu Certificates and Security
SSL Certificate HOWTO not Ubuntu specific
Configure Apache for SSL client certificate authentication
Installation
Update all your software and install Apache 2
# apt-get update # apt-get upgrade # apt install apache2
Verify Apache is running
# systemctl status apache2
● apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apache2.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Drop-In: /lib/systemd/system/apache2.service.d
└─apache2-systemd.conf
Active: active (running) since Sun 2018-10-21 14:44:30 CDT; 11min ago
Main PID: 17131 (apache2)
Tasks: 55 (limit: 4181)
CGroup: /system.slice/apache2.service
├─17131 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
├─17132 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
└─17134 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
Oct 21 14:44:30 apu02 systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
Oct 21 14:44:30 apu02 apachectl[17120]: AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's
Oct 21 14:44:30 apu02 systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Firewall
Update firewall to allow only port 443 (default HTTPS TCP port)
# ufw app list Available applications: Apache Apache Full Apache Secure OpenSSH # ufw allow 'Apache Secure' # ufw status verbose | grep 443 443/tcp (Apache Secure) ALLOW IN Anywhere 443/tcp (Apache Secure (v6)) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
Teamspeak 3 setup on Ubuntu 16.04 and 18.x via command line
Followed steps at How to install Teamspeak 3 server on Ubuntu 16.04 64-bit to install Teamspeak 3 and get basic server running.
If you want to customize the server port follow next steps.
Install simple command-line program named sqlite3. How to use sqlite
robot00@apu00:~$ sudo apt install sqlite3
Launch sqlite3 using Teamspeak 3 sqlite database file:
robot00@apu00:~$ sudo sqlite3 /home/teamspeak/ts3server.sqlitedb SQLite version 3.11.0 2016-02-15 17:29:24 Enter ".help" for usage hints.
Update port command:
sqlite> update servers set server_port=<CUSTOM UDP Port>;
Restart Teamspeak 3 server
robot00@apu00:~$ systemctl restart teamspeak.service
Test your connection using the <CUSTOM UDP Port>
Upgrade Teamspeak3 server
Login to SSH as root
Stop your current Teamspeak 3 Server systemctl stop teamspeak.service
Change to your teamspeak user cd /home/teamspeak/;su teamspeak
Download Teamspeak, extract it, update and tidy up.
wget https://files.teamspeak-services.com/releases/server/3.9.1/teamspeak3-server_linux_amd64-3.9.1.tar.bz2 tar xvfj teamspeak3-server_linux_amd64-3.9.1.tar.bz2 cd teamspeak3-server_linux_amd64 cp * -R /home/teamspeak cd .. rm -r teamspeak3-server_linux_amd64 rm teamspeak3-server_linux_amd64-3.9.1.tar.bz2
Return to root and start the Teamspeak server
exit systemctl start teamspeak.service
Check to make you can connect to Teamspeak 3 server
Factorio Headless Setup
Resources:
- Multiplayer Factorio wiki
- Stable Factorio headless server
Check that your version of glibc is >= 2.18.
robot01@apu01:~$ ldd --version ldd (Ubuntu GLIBC 2.23-0ubuntu10) 2.23 Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Written by Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.
Output of ldd command confirms glibc version 2.23.
Switch to /opt directory and download latest Factorio stable headless version (0.16.36 as of this writing)
robot01@apu01:~$ cd /opt robot01@apu01:/opt$ sudo wget https://factorio.com/get-download/stable/headless/linux64 ... ... ... Saving to: ‘linux64’ linux64 100%[==================================>] 23.04M 401KB/s in 2m 48s 2018-05-01 20:38:47 (141 KB/s) - ‘linux64’ saved [24163736/24163736]
Rename file to match version (0.16.36 in this example)
robot01@apu01:/opt$ sudo mv linux64 factorio_headless_x64_0.16.36.tar.xz
Extract archived and zipped file
robot01@apu01:/opt$ sudo tar -xJf factorio_headless_x64_0.16.36.tar.xz robot01@apu01:/opt$ ls -l total 47204 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 May 1 21:12 factorio -rw-r--r-- 1 factorio factorio 24163736 May 1 20:56 factorio_headless_x64_0.16.36.tar.xz
Remove file (save space, you can always download again if needed)
robot01@apu01:/opt$ sudo rm factorio_headless_x64_0.16.36.tar.xz
Add a new user to run factorio and assign ownership of /opt/factorio directory to same user
robot01@apu01:/opt$ sudo useradd factorio robot01@apu01:/opt$ sudo chown -R factorio:factorio /opt/factorio/
Verify permissions show factorio for both user and group
robot01@apu01:/opt$ ls -l total 4 drwxr-xr-x 4 factorio factorio 4096 May 1 21:12 factorio
Test Factorio binary by switching to factorio user then start server
robot01@apu01:/opt$ sudo su - factorio No directory, logging in with HOME=/ $
Start server and look for something like "File /savename does not exist."
$ /opt/factorio/bin/x64/factorio --start-server savename 0.000 2018-05-01 21:20:47; Factorio 0.16.36 (build 36253, linux64, headless) 0.260 Operating system: Linux (Ubuntu 16.04) 0.260 Program arguments: "/opt/factorio/bin/x64/factorio" "--start-server" "savename" 0.260 Read data path: /opt/factorio/data 0.260 Write data path: /opt/factorio [103696/111098MB] 0.260 Binaries path: /opt/factorio/bin 0.304 System info: [CPU: AMD G-T40E Processor, 2 cores, RAM: 3550 MB] 0.304 Environment: DISPLAY=<unset>, WAYLAND_DISPLAY=<unset> 0.305 Running in headless mode 0.316 Error GlobalModSettings.cpp:107: Failed to migrate mod settings file: Error when opening /opt/factorio/mods/mod-settings.json for reading: No such file or directory 0.322 Loading mod core 0.0.0 (data.lua) 0.388 Loading mod base 0.16.36 (data.lua) 1.063 Loading mod base 0.16.36 (data-updates.lua) 1.313 Checksum for core: 1316978547 1.313 Checksum of base: 4140083139 2.006 Info PlayerData.cpp:67: Local player-data.json unavailable 2.006 Info PlayerData.cpp:72: Cloud player-data.json unavailable 2.012 Custom inputs active: 0 2.015 Factorio initialised 2.016 Info ServerSynchronizer.cpp:29: nextHeartbeatSequenceNumber(0) initialized Synchronizer nextTickClosureTick(0). 2.016 Info ServerMultiplayerManager.cpp:698: mapTick(4294967295) changing state from(Ready) to(PreparedToHostGame) 2.016 Info ServerMultiplayerManager.cpp:698: mapTick(4294967295) changing state from(PreparedToHostGame) to(CreatingGame) 2.017 Loading map /savename 2.017 Error ServerMultiplayerManager.cpp:96: MultiplayerManager failed: "File /savename does not exist." 2.017 Info ServerMultiplayerManager.cpp:698: mapTick(4294967295) changing state from(CreatingGame) to(InitializationFailed) 2.017 Info GlobalContext.cpp:694: Waiting for child processes to exit: 2.020 Info ServerMultiplayerManager.cpp:142: Quitting multiplayer connection. 2.020 Info ServerMultiplayerManager.cpp:698: mapTick(4294967295) changing state from(InitializationFailed) to(Closed) 2.062 Info UDPSocket.cpp:206: Closing socket 2.065 Goodbye
As factorio user create /opt/factorio/ saves directory
$ mkdir /opt/factorio/saves
At this point you can load up saved games or create some games. Before that I want to install Factorio init script
Exit from factorio user back to sudo account
$ exit logout
Switch to /opt directory
robot01@apu01:/opt/factorio$ cd /opt
Clone Factorio init script from github
robot01@apu01:/opt$ sudo git clone https://github.com/Bisa/factorio-init.git Cloning into 'factorio-init'... remote: Counting objects: 484, done. remote: Total 484 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 484 Receiving objects: 100% (484/484), 109.47 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (276/276), done. Checking connectivity... done.
Make Factorio start on operating system boot and restart if failure (configurable - I kept defaults for now)
robot01@apu01:/opt$ sudo cp /opt/factorio-init/factorio.service.example /etc/systemd/system/factorio.service robot01@apu01:/opt$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
Sysvinit
robot01@apu01:/opt/factorio$ sudo ln -s /opt/factorio-init/factorio /etc/init.d/factorio robot01@apu01:/opt/factorio$ sudo chmod +x /opt/factorio-init/factorio
Show help
robot01@apu01:/opt/factorio$ service factorio help Usage: /etc/init.d/factorio COMMAND Available commands: start Starts the server stop Stops the server restart Restarts the server status Displays server status players-online Shows online players players Shows all players cmd [command/message] Open interactive commandline or send a single command to the server chatlog [--tail|-t] Print the current chatlog, optionally tail the log to follow in real time new-game name [map-gen-settings] [map-settings] Stops the server and creates a new game with the specified name using the specified map gen settings and map settings json files save-game name Stops the server and saves game to specified save load-save name Stops the server and loads the specified save install [tarball] Installs the server with optional specified tarball (omit to download and use the latest headless server from Wube) update [--dry-run] Updates the server invocation Outputs the invocation for debugging purpose listcommands List all init-commands listsaves List all saves version Prints the binary version help Shows this help message
Setup Autocompletion
robot01@apu01:/opt/factorio$ sudo ln -s /opt/factorio-init/bash_autocomplete /etc/bash_completion.d/factorio robot01@apu01:/opt/factorio$ sudo echo "source /opt/factorio-init/bash_autocomplete" >> ~/.bashrc
Copy example server settings (make any changes you want to copy)
robot01@apu01:/opt/factorio$ sudo cp /opt/factorio/data/server-settings.example.json /opt/factorio/data/server-settings.json
Copy example configuration (make any changes you want to copy)
robot01@apu01:/opt/factorio$ sudo cp /opt/factorio-init/config.example /opt/factorio-init/config
Make any changes to config ini
robot01@apu01:/opt/factorio$ sudo vi /opt/factorio/config/config.ini
Update headless server
download latest headless version
unzip and untar
sudo tar -xJf linux64
change permissions to your dedicated factorio user
sudo chown -R steamy:steamy factorio
launch game
Hardware
Identify video card:
paul@congo:~$ lspci -nn | grep VGA 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: nVidia Corporation G92 [GeForce 8800 GT] [10de:0611] (rev a2)
Verify interface speed
cat /sys/class/net/<interface>/speed
replace <interface> with name of your NIC (e.g. eth0)