Difference between revisions of "Cascade Style Sheets"

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h3 {font-style:italic;}</pre>
h3 {font-style:italic;}</pre>
== Selectors ==


[[Selectors]]
[[Selectors]]
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== Adding Styles to Web pages ==
== Adding Styles to Web pages ==


Three ways to add styles to your pages.
[[Adding Styles to Web pages]]


==== Inline ====
== Psuedo Elements and Classes ==


Add to a tag using <code>style</code> attribute
[[Psuedo Elements and Classes]]


<pre><p style="enter CSS"></p></pre>
== Cascade and Rule Declarations ==


==== Embedded ====
[[Cascade and Rule Declarations]]


Add styles in the <code>head</code> of XHTML document
== Styling Fonts and Text ==


<pre><style type="text/css">enter CSS</style></pre>
[[Styling Fonts and Text]]
 
==== Linked ====
 
Style is in another document and the markup is linked to the style.
 
<pre><link href="style_sheet.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/CSS" /></pre>
 
== Pseudo Classes ==
 
Classes that cause rules to be applied when a specific event happens. These classes are not attached to tags in  markup. p50
 
=== Anchor Link Pseudo Classes ===
 
Commonly used with hyperlinks. p50
 
Link
Visited
Hover
Active
 
=== Other Useful Pseudo-Classes ===
 
This rule selects the first-child element with the name x.
<pre>x:first-child</pre>
 
 
This rule selects the focus of the user with the name x.
<pre>x:focus</pre>
 
== Pseudo-elements ==


Provides the effect of extra markup without the markup in your code.
== Positioning Elements aka ''The Box'' ==


This rule selects the first letter of tag name x and applies your style.
[[Positioning Elements]]
<pre>x:first-letter</pre>


This rule selects the first line of tag name x and applies your style.
== Basic Page Layout ==
<pre>x:first-line</pre>


This rule adds specified text before an element of tag name x.
[[Basic Page Layout]]
<pre>x:before</pre>


This rule adds specified text after an element of tag name x.
== Tips creating styles ==
<pre>x:after</pre>


Example of x:before and x:after
To eliminate the difference between user agents always zero out margins and padding on all elements.
 
<pre>h1.age:before {content:"Age:"}
h1.age:after {content:"years old."}
 
Code <h1 class="age">36</h1> displays "Age: 36 years old."</pre>
 
== Cascade ==
 
Styles passing from higher to lower hierarchy levels.
 
=== Cascade Rules ===
 
Cascade Rules p57:
# Find all declarations that apply to each element and property
# Sort by order and weight
# Sort by specificity
# Sort by order
 
==== Weight of declaration ====
 
Define a rule as important using the exclamation point. Marking a tag as important will override the cascade.
 
<pre>p {color:red !important; font-size:12pt;}</pre>
 
== Rule Declarations ==
 
Declarations are made up of a property and value.


Example:
Example:
<pre>p {color:red;}</pre>
<pre>* {margin:0; padding:0;}</pre>
 
color = property and red = value


Values fall into three main types:
== Helpful links ==
# Words
# Numerical values
# Color values


=== Numerical values ===
[http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/ Cascading Style Sheets home page]


Use to decribe the "distance" or height, width, depth, length, etc. for many values. p61
[http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/current-work Cascading Style Sheets Current Work]


Two main groups of numerical values:
[http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/ Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification]
# Absolute
# Relative


Absolute value describes a real distance.
[http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2/ Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 CSS2 Specification]
Relative value compared to another.


Absolute value chart:
[http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1 Cascading Style Sheets, level 1 CSS1 Specification]


{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
[http://www.cssmenumaker.com/ CSS Menu Maker]
! Absolute Value
! Unit Abbreviation
|-
| Inches
| in
|-
| Centimeters
| cm
|-
| Millimeters
| mm
|-
| Points
| pt
|-
| Picas
| pc
|-
| Pixels
| px
|}


Relative value chart:
== Interesting CSS resources ==


{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center"
[https://svgontheweb.com/ SVG on the Web] A Practical Guide
! Relative Value
! Unit Abbreviation
! Note
|-
| Em
| em
| Width of character in a font.
|-
| Ex
| ex
| Equivalent to the x-height of the given font.
|-
| Percentage
| %
|
|}


=== Color Values ===
[https://web-design-weekly.com/2014/11/18/viewport-units-vw-vh-vmin-vmax/ Viewport Units vm vh vmin vmax]


Hexadecimal format
[https://medium.com/@aniboaz/animate-svg-4fa7dd00e860 Animate SVGs with CSS] blog led me to [https://jonsuh.com/blog/animate-svg-with-css/ Animate SVG with CSS]


<pre>#RRGGBB</pre>
Percentages format
<pre>R%, G%, B% </pre>
[[Styling Fonts and Text]]


<center>[[web development|Back to Web Development]]</center>
<center>[[web development|Back to Web Development]]</center>

Latest revision as of 17:54, 22 September 2018

Cascade Style Sheets (CSS)

A CSS is made up of two parts: the selector and declaration. The selector states which tag the rule applies. The declaration stats what happens when the rule is applied.

The declaration is made up of two elements: a property and value. A declaration must end with a semicolon.

Multiple declarations can be contained in a single rule.

Multiple selectors can be contained in a single rule. A comma must be used after each selector except the last. 

h1, h2, h3 {color:red; font-weight:bold;}

Multiple rules can be applied to the same selector. 

h1, h2, h3 {color:red; font-weight:bold;}

h3 {font-style:italic;}

Selectors

Selectors

Adding Styles to Web pages

Adding Styles to Web pages

Psuedo Elements and Classes

Psuedo Elements and Classes

Cascade and Rule Declarations

Cascade and Rule Declarations

Styling Fonts and Text

Styling Fonts and Text

Positioning Elements aka The Box

Positioning Elements

Basic Page Layout

Basic Page Layout

Tips creating styles

To eliminate the difference between user agents always zero out margins and padding on all elements.

Example: 

* {margin:0; padding:0;}

Helpful links

Cascading Style Sheets home page

Cascading Style Sheets Current Work

Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification

Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 CSS2 Specification

Cascading Style Sheets, level 1 CSS1 Specification

CSS Menu Maker

Interesting CSS resources

SVG on the Web A Practical Guide

Viewport Units vm vh vmin vmax

Animate SVGs with CSS blog led me to Animate SVG with CSS


Back to Web Development
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