Difference between revisions of "Cascade Style Sheets"

Latest revision as of 17:54, 22 September 2018

Cascade Style Sheets (CSS)

A CSS is made up of two parts: the selector and declaration. The selector states which tag the rule applies. The declaration stats what happens when the rule is applied.

The declaration is made up of two elements: a property and value. A declaration must end with a semicolon.

Multiple declarations can be contained in a single rule.

Multiple selectors can be contained in a single rule. A comma must be used after each selector except the last.

h1, h2, h3 {color:red; font-weight:bold;}

Multiple rules can be applied to the same selector.

h1, h2, h3 {color:red; font-weight:bold;}

h3 {font-style:italic;}

Selectors

Adding Styles to Web pages

Psuedo Elements and Classes

Cascade and Rule Declarations

Styling Fonts and Text

Positioning Elements aka The Box

Positioning Elements

Basic Page Layout

Tips creating styles

To eliminate the difference between user agents always zero out margins and padding on all elements.

Example:

* {margin:0; padding:0;}

Helpful links

Cascading Style Sheets home page

Cascading Style Sheets Current Work

Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification

Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 CSS2 Specification

Cascading Style Sheets, level 1 CSS1 Specification

CSS Menu Maker

Interesting CSS resources

SVG on the Web A Practical Guide

Viewport Units vm vh vmin vmax

Animate SVGs with CSS blog led me to Animate SVG with CSS

Back to Web Development

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 == Selectors ==
-=== Contextual Selectors ===
+[[Selectors]]
-Contextual selectors use more than one tag in the selector. The tag closest to the declaration is the targeted tag. The additional tag(s) state where the target tag must be located in the markup up in order for target tag to be affected. Contextual selectors have spaces between them.
-Example: The p is targeted tag. Only p tags within div tags will be red.
+== Adding Styles to Web pages ==
-<pre>div p {color:red;}</pre>
-==== Contextual selector examples ====
-<pre><html>
-<head>
-	<title>Contextual Selector Example 1</title>
-	<link href="style_sheets/contextual_selector_example_1.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
-</head>
-<body>
-</pre>
-==== Child selectors ====
-Write a rule so the target tag has to be a child of a specific tag.
-<pre>p>em {color:green;}</pre>
-==== Contextual Class Selectors ====
-You can combine tag and class name to make a selector more specific.
-The second line states '''any tags with "specialtext" class will be bold'''.
-The third line states '''"specialtext" class must be within the context of p tag for rule to apply'''.
-<pre>
-p { font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; }
-.specialtext { font-weight:bold; }
-p.specialtext { color:red}
-</pre>
-[http://www.gotopinion.info/styles/class_selector_example_0.html | Class Selector Example 0]
-You can further specify by adding more tags.
-The fourth line states '''span tag within a paragraph with "specialtext" class will be italicized'''
-<pre>
-p { font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; }
-.specialtext { font-weight:bold; }
-p.specialtext { color:red}
-p.specialtext span { font-style:italic; }
-</pre>
-[http://www.gotopinion.info/styles/class_selector_example_1.html | Class Selector Example 1]
+[[Adding Styles to Web pages]]
-==== Skipping the restrictions of hierarchy ====
+== Psuedo Elements and Classes ==
-The line states '''span tag can be a descendant of any tag with specialtext class'''
-<pre>.specialtext span { color:blue; }
-</pre>
-=== IDs ===
+[[Psuedo Elements and Classes]]
-ID synax is similar to classes except a hash (#) symbol is used versus a class's period.
+== Cascade and Rule Declarations ==
-==== Difference between Classes & IDs ====
+[[Cascade and Rule Declarations]]
-The ID can only be used once per page and a class may appear many times.
+== Styling Fonts and Text ==
-If you want to identify a unique piece of your page's markup use an ID.
+[[Styling Fonts and Text]]
-If you want to apply rules to multiple tags in same page or many pages use a class.
+== Positioning Elements aka ''The Box'' ==
-=== Universal Selector ===
+[[Positioning Elements]]
-The asterisk (*) means anything so this rule means all text will be blue.
+== Basic Page Layout ==
-<pre>* { color:blue; }
-</pre>
-Another use is as the inverse of a child selector. This rule means any em tag that is at least a grandchild of the p tag, but not a child, is selected.
+[[Basic Page Layout]]
-<pre>p * em { font-weight:bold; }</pre>
+== Tips creating styles ==
-=== Adjacent Sibling Selector ===
+To eliminate the difference between user agents always zero out margins and padding on all elements.
-Rule selects a tag that follows a specific sibling tag. p48
+Example:
+<pre>* {margin:0; padding:0;}</pre>
-=== Attribute Selector ===
+== Helpful links ==
-Attribute selectors use the attributes of the tag. p48
+[http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/ Cascading Style Sheets home page]
-== Adding Styles to Web pages ==
+[http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/current-work Cascading Style Sheets Current Work]
-Three ways to add styles to your pages.
+[http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/ Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification]
-==== Inline ====
+[http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2/ Cascading Style Sheets, level 2 CSS2 Specification]
-Add to a tag using <code>style</code> attribute
+[http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS1 Cascading Style Sheets, level 1 CSS1 Specification]
-<pre><p style="enter CSS"></p></pre>
+[http://www.cssmenumaker.com/ CSS Menu Maker]
-==== Embedded ====
+== Interesting CSS resources ==
-Add styles in the <code>head</code> of XHTML document
+[https://svgontheweb.com/ SVG on the Web] A Practical Guide
-<pre><style type="text/css">enter CSS</style></pre>
+[https://web-design-weekly.com/2014/11/18/viewport-units-vw-vh-vmin-vmax/ Viewport Units vm vh vmin vmax]
-==== Linked ====
+[https://medium.com/@aniboaz/animate-svg-4fa7dd00e860 Animate SVGs with CSS] blog led me to [https://jonsuh.com/blog/animate-svg-with-css/ Animate SVG with CSS]
-Style is in another document and the markup is linked to the style.
-<pre><link href="style_sheet.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/CSS" /></pre>
 <center>[[web development|Back to Web Development]]</center>
-== Pseudo Classes ==
-Classes that cause rules to be applied when a specific event happens. These classes are not attached to tags in  markup.