Linux software management systems
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yum
yum how to has some yum basics. yum is a software installation tool for Red Hat Enterprise Linux & Fedora Linux.
package-cleanup, a yum utility
yum basics
List
List all installed packages:
# yum list installed
List might be large you can pipe to scroll through list:
# yum list installed | more # yum list installed | less
You may also redirect output to file:
# yum list installed > /tmp/yum-installed
List certain packages:
# yum list vsftpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirror.trouble-free.net * base: mirror.steadfast.net * extras: mirror.trouble-free.net * updates: styx.biochem.wfubmc.edu Available Packages vsftpd.x86_64 2.0.5-16.el5_5.1 updates
Install
Install packages
# yum install packagename
Install local RPM
# yum localinstall rpmname
yum group commands
List available package groups:
# yum grouplist
Display details about a package group:
# yum groupinfo 'FTP Server' Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Setting up Group Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirror.trouble-free.net * base: mirror.steadfast.net * extras: mirror.trouble-free.net * updates: styx.biochem.wfubmc.edu Group: FTP Server Description: These tools allow you to run an FTP server on the system. Mandatory Packages: vsftpd Optional Packages: xferstats
Install the packages in a group on your system:
# yum groupinstall 'FTP Server' Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirror.trouble-free.net * base: mirror.steadfast.net * extras: mirror.trouble-free.net * updates: styx.biochem.wfubmc.edu Setting up Group Process Checking for new repos for mirrors Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.0.5-16.el5_5.1 set to be updated addons/filelists | 197 B 00:00 base/filelists_db | 4.0 MB 00:00 extras/filelists_db | 220 kB 00:00 updates/filelists_db | 1.4 MB 00:04 --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: vsftpd x86_64 2.0.5-16.el5_5.1 updates 139 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 1 Package(s) Upgrade 0 Package(s) Total download size: 139 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5_5.1.x86_64.rpm | 139 kB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : vsftpd 1/1 Installed: vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.0.5-16.el5_5.1 Complete!
Remove the packages in a group from your system:
# yum groupremove 'FTP Server' Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Setting up Group Process Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirror.trouble-free.net * base: mirror.steadfast.net * extras: mirror.trouble-free.net * updates: styx.biochem.wfubmc.edu Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.0.5-16.el5_5.1 set to be erased --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Removing: vsftpd x86_64 2.0.5-16.el5_5.1 installed 283 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Remove 1 Package(s) Reinstall 0 Package(s) Downgrade 0 Package(s) Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Finished Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Erasing : vsftpd 1/1 Removed: vsftpd.x86_64 0:2.0.5-16.el5_5.1 Complete!
yum help & output
Note that not all commands are documented. Example is installed.
# yum -h
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
You need to give some command
usage: yum [options] COMMAND
List of Commands:
check-update Check for available package updates
clean Remove cached data
deplist List a package's dependencies
downgrade downgrade a package
erase Remove a package or packages from your system
groupinfo Display details about a package group
groupinstall Install the packages in a group on your system
grouplist List available package groups
groupremove Remove the packages in a group from your system
help Display a helpful usage message
info Display details about a package or group of packages
install Install a package or packages on your system
list List a package or groups of packages
localinstall Install a local RPM
makecache Generate the metadata cache
provides Find what package provides the given value
reinstall reinstall a package
repolist Display the configured software repositories
resolvedep Determine which package provides the given dependency
search Search package details for the given string
shell Run an interactive yum shell
update Update a package or packages on your system
upgrade Update packages taking obsoletes into account
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-t, --tolerant be tolerant of errors
-C run entirely from cache, don't update cache
-c [config file] config file location
-R [minutes] maximum command wait time
-d [debug level] debugging output level
--showduplicates show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands
-e [error level] error output level
-q, --quiet quiet operation
-v, --verbose verbose operation
-y answer yes for all questions
--version show Yum version and exit
--installroot=[path] set install root
--enablerepo=[repo] enable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
--disablerepo=[repo] disable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
-x [package], --exclude=[package]
exclude package(s) by name or glob
--disableexcludes=[repo]
disable exclude from main, for a repo or for
everything
--obsoletes enable obsoletes processing during updates
--noplugins disable Yum plugins
--nogpgcheck disable gpg signature checking
--disableplugin=[plugin]
disable plugins by name
--enableplugin=[plugin]
enable plugins by name
--skip-broken skip packages with depsolving problems
--color=COLOR control whether color is used
RPM
RPM basics
RPM Package Manager (RPM) is a powerful command line driven package management system capable of installing, uninstalling, verifying, querying, and updating computer software packages. Each software package consists of an archive of files along with information about the package like its version, a description, and the like. There is also a library API, permitting advanced developers to manage such transactions from programming languages such as C or Python.
RPM help
# rpm --help
Usage: rpm [OPTION...]
--quiet
Query options (with -q or --query):
-c, --configfiles list all configuration files
-d, --docfiles list all documentation files
--dump dump basic file information
-l, --list list files in package
--queryformat=QUERYFORMAT use the following query format
-s, --state display the states of the listed files
-a, --all query/verify all packages
-f, --file query/verify package(s) owning file
-g, --group query/verify package(s) in group
-p, --package query/verify a package file
-W, --ftswalk query/verify package(s) from TOP file tree
walk
--pkgid query/verify package(s) with package
identifier
--hdrid query/verify package(s) with header
identifier
--fileid query/verify package(s) with file identifier
--specfile query a spec file
--triggeredby query the package(s) triggered by the
package
--whatrequires query/verify the package(s) which require a
dependency
--whatprovides query/verify the package(s) which provide a
dependency
--nomanifest do not process non-package files as
manifests
Verify options (with -V or --verify):
--nomd5 don't verify MD5 digest of files
--nofiles don't verify files in package
--nodeps don't verify package dependencies
--noscript don't execute verify script(s)
-a, --all query/verify all packages
-f, --file query/verify package(s) owning file
-g, --group query/verify package(s) in group
-p, --package query/verify a package file
-W, --ftswalk query/verify package(s) from TOP file tree
walk
--pkgid query/verify package(s) with package
identifier
--hdrid query/verify package(s) with header
identifier
--fileid query/verify package(s) with file identifier
--specfile query a spec file
--triggeredby query the package(s) triggered by the
package
--whatrequires query/verify the package(s) which require a
dependency
--whatprovides query/verify the package(s) which provide a
dependency
--nomanifest do not process non-package files as
manifests
File tree walk options (with --ftswalk):
--comfollow FTS_COMFOLLOW: follow command line symlinks
--logical FTS_LOGICAL: logical walk
--nochdir FTS_NOCHDIR: don't change directories
--nostat FTS_NOSTAT: don't get stat info
--physical FTS_PHYSICAL: physical walk
--seedot FTS_SEEDOT: return dot and dot-dot
--xdev FTS_XDEV: don't cross devices
--whiteout FTS_WHITEOUT: return whiteout information
Signature options:
--addsign sign package(s) (identical to --resign)
-K, --checksig verify package signature(s)
--delsign delete package signatures
--import import an armored public key
--resign sign package(s) (identical to --addsign)
--nodigest don't verify package digest(s)
--nosignature don't verify package signature(s)
Database options:
--initdb initialize database
--rebuilddb rebuild database inverted lists from
installed package headers
Install/Upgrade/Erase options:
--aid add suggested packages to transaction
--allfiles install all files, even configurations
which might otherwise be skipped
--allmatches remove all packages which match <package>
(normally an error is generated if
<package> specified multiple packages)
--badreloc relocate files in non-relocatable package
-e, --erase=<package>+ erase (uninstall) package
--excludedocs do not install documentation
--excludepath=<path> skip files with leading component <path>
--fileconflicts detect file conflicts between packages
--force short hand for --replacepkgs --replacefiles
-F, --freshen=<packagefile>+ upgrade package(s) if already installed
-h, --hash print hash marks as package installs (good
with -v)
--ignorearch don't verify package architecture
--ignoreos don't verify package operating system
--ignoresize don't check disk space before installing
-i, --install install package(s)
--justdb update the database, but do not modify the
filesystem
--nodeps do not verify package dependencies
--nomd5 don't verify MD5 digest of files
--nocontexts don't install file security contexts
--noorder do not reorder package installation to
satisfy dependencies
--nosuggest do not suggest missing dependency
resolution(s)
--noscripts do not execute package scriptlet(s)
--notriggers do not execute any scriptlet(s) triggered
by this package
--oldpackage upgrade to an old version of the package
(--force on upgrades does this
automatically)
--percent print percentages as package installs
--prefix=<dir> relocate the package to <dir>, if
relocatable
--relocate=<old>=<new> relocate files from path <old> to <new>
--repackage save erased package files by repackaging
--replacefiles ignore file conflicts between packages
--replacepkgs reinstall if the package is already present
--test don't install, but tell if it would work or
not
-U, --upgrade=<packagefile>+ upgrade package(s)
Common options for all rpm modes and executables:
-D, --define='MACRO EXPR' define MACRO with value EXPR
-E, --eval='EXPR' print macro expansion of EXPR
--macros=<FILE:...> read <FILE:...> instead of default file(s)
--nodigest don't verify package digest(s)
--nosignature don't verify package signature(s)
--rcfile=<FILE:...> read <FILE:...> instead of default file(s)
-r, --root=ROOT use ROOT as top level directory (default:
"/")
--querytags display known query tags
--showrc display final rpmrc and macro configuration
--quiet provide less detailed output
-v, --verbose provide more detailed output
--version print the version of rpm being used
Options implemented via popt alias/exec:
--scripts list install/erase scriptlets from
package(s)
--setperms set permissions of files in a package
--setugids set user/group ownership of files in a
package
--conflicts list capabilities this package conflicts
with
--obsoletes list other packages removed by installing
this package
--provides list capabilities that this package provides
--requires list capabilities required by package(s)
--info list descriptive information from package(s)
--changelog list change logs for this package
--xml list metadata in xml
--triggers list trigger scriptlets from package(s)
--last list package(s) by install time, most
recent first
--dupes list duplicated packages
--filesbypkg list all files from each package
--fileclass list file names with classes
--filecolor list file names with colors
--filecontext list file names with security context from
header
--fscontext list file names with security context from
file system
--recontext list file names with security context from
policy RE
--fileprovide list file names with provides
--filerequire list file names with requires
--redhatprovides find package name that contains a provided
capability (needs rpmdb-redhat package
installed)
--redhatrequires find package name that contains a required
capability (needs rpmdb-redhat package
installed)
--buildpolicy=<policy> set buildroot <policy> (e.g. compress man
pages)
--with=<option> enable configure <option> for build
--without=<option> disable configure <option> for build
Help options:
-?, --help Show this help message
--usage Display brief usage message
Aptitude
Installed packages on your computer may periodically have upgrades available from the package repositories (e.g., security updates). To upgrade your system, first update your package index and then perform the upgrade – as follows:
sudo apt update sudo apt upgrade
Copied from Garfield Tech for reference:
aptitude update: Update the local cache of available packages (formerly apt-get update. aptitude upgrade: Upgrade available packages (formerly apt-get upgrade). aptitude dist-upgrade: Upgrade available packages even if it means removing stuff (formerly apt-get dist-upgrade). aptitude install pkgname: Install package (formerly apt-get install). aptitude remove pkgname: Uninstall package (formerly apt-get remove). aptitude purge pkgname: Uninstall package and config files (formerly apt-get --purge remove). aptitude search string: Search for a package with "string" in the name or description (formerly apt-cache search string). aptitude show pkgname: Show detailed of a package (formerly apt-cache show pkgname). aptitude clean: Delete downloaded package files (formerly apt-get clean). aptitude autoclean: Delete only out-of-date package files but keep current ones (formerly apt-get autoclean). aptitude hold pkgname: Fix a package at its current version and don't upgrade it automatically (formerly an obscure echo-to-file command). unhold to remove the hold.
Aptitude Links
Package Management with APT Ubuntu